International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Sebahudin Kedir Seman 1 and Assoc. Prof. Buket Akdol Doyuran 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6301

ABSTRACT: The study aims to adapt and validate a measurement tool for emotional wellness, specifically focusing on its multidimensional structure. The study was conducted by using online survey method with a sample size 356 white-collar employees from selected service sectors in Ethiopia. Primary data was gathered using a modified 16- item structured emotional wellness questionnaire. Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the validity of EWS. Cronbach alpha and item-total score correlation was used to analyse the reliability of the EWS. The EFA showed that the EWS has a two-factor structure, with 14 items accounting for 52.2% of the total variance, indicating a valid factor structure. The sub-dimensions were identified as "Emotional Management" and "Emotional Awareness,". Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supports the twofactor model, with excellent fit with various statistical indices (CIMN (X²/ df=1.86), RMSEA =0.052, SRMR = 0.049, CFI= 1.000, NFI= .996, GFI =.997 and RFI= .995). The scale's reliability is confirmed through the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient, with an overall score of α= 0.922 and with sub-dimensions scoring α= 0.897 and α= 0.864, respectively. The scale's unique features demonstrate high discriminatory power, with a satisfactory correlation with the items' index score and a range of 0.527 to 0.723. The finding shows that the EWS is a reliable and theoretically sound tool for assessing emotional wellness. This measurement instrument has been exclusively evaluated on white-collar employees within select service sectors in Ethiopia. It requires further testing across diverse cultures, sectors, and larger sample sizes to ensure generalisability.

Keyword: Emotional Wellness, Scale Adaptation, Validity, Reliability.

1 Kayode Owa, 2 Charles Akinropo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6302

ABSTRACT: Solar power, while abundant, is unpredictable due to its intermittency, causing instability in energy supply and imbalances between supply and demand, which can threaten grid reliability. To address these challenges, innovative solutions are required, especially as electricity demand fluctuates. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) help manage peak shaving and load shifting, but erratic energy sources can degrade batteries, leading to high costs. Accurate forecasts of energy consumption (EC) and solar energy generation (EG) are crucial for optimizing solar microgrids. This study evaluates deep learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and a hybrid CNN-GRU model, to predict both EC and EG. A multi-input, parallel processing approach was used to capture temporal and spatial patterns for real-time applications with reduced data drift and improved accuracy. The model was tested using 47 months of historical data from the Sceaux microgrid near Paris, France, spanning from December 2006 to November 2010, from the University of California, Irvine repository. The data was also used to optimize the photovoltaic (PV) system sizing. The proposed method achieved excellent results for EG prediction with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 3.974 and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 6.603. For EC prediction, it obtained an MAE of 4.869, an RMSE of 6.527, and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.113, demonstrating its effectiveness for both short-term and long-term forecasting.

Keyword: Parallel Processing Approach, Solar Power Generation Prediction, Energy Consumption Prediction, Convolution Neural Network, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit, Long-and-short term prediction.

Sara Elriah Abdalla Omer a, Abuelgasim Mohamed Ahmed Elshareef c, Bothyna Bassyoni Elssyed Etewa d, Faiza Ali Nasor Taha e.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6303

ABSTRACT: Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes quasi experimental and interventional hospital was conducted in El hasahesa Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital Gezira State, Sudan. The study aimed to assessing the effect of the training program on nurse's knowledge regarding reproductive health care to nurse working at the Hospital. The training program was designed to equip the nurses with essential information and practice regarding reproductive health care in Elhasahesa Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital Gezira State. The training program divided into Session (I: to 1x) with different lecture title and objectives. Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version (23). The results of nurse knowledge regarding reproductive health care were highly increased for correct answer in all postintervention questions. The results of female reproductive systems were also raised and finally the results of reproductive health and development presented highly increased in correct answer for all questions in postintervention answer. The study concluded nurse knowledge regarding reproductive care, female reproductive system, reproductive health development was improved in post intervention compared to pre-intervention. The study recommended that further education and training courses regarding reproductive health care is mandatory for all nurses working in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Keyword: Nurses, Reproductive, Reproductive system, Obstetric, HIV, health care.

Guojiang Li 1#, Lin Chen 1#, Renfa Lai 12 and Zhiqiang Feng 12*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6304

ABSTRACT: Cartilage regeneration is a key research area in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and the unique structure of cartilage poses challenges for its repair. Currently, there is a significant lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms of chondrogenic differentiation, necessitating further exploration. Membrane lipid rafts are dynamic microdomains in the cell membrane, enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, serving as critical platforms for signal transduction and participating in protein distribution and regulation of cellular functions. CD90 (THY-1) is a glycoprotein anchored to lipid rafts through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), widely expressed on the surface of cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and regulates cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Recent studies have revealed a synergistic role of lipid raft homeostasis and CD90 in the process of cartilage formation, regulating the repair and regeneration of articular cartilage. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which lipid rafts and CD90 contribute to cartilage formation, with a focus on their core roles in signaling pathway regulation and their effects on chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, it highlights their potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering.

Keyword: Lipid rafts, CD90 (THY-1), Cartilage formation, Signal transduction, Tissue engineering

Biyu Wu 1, Liwei Sun 2, Feng Mao 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6305

ABSTRACT: The study explores the translation strategies of illustrations in English business textbooks, with Understanding Business and its two Chinese versions (the tenth and twelfth editions) as examples. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the study finds that three strategies are commonly used to translate illustrations in Understanding Business from English to Chinese: 1. It is necessary to remove the grammatical markers from the attributive structure or relative clauses as much as possible to weaken boundaries, thus making the Chinese more fluent. 2. It is necessary to remove function words. 3. It is necessary to expansion strategy to achieve fluent Chinese. Based on the three findings above, the paper points out how to add or delete in translating illustrations in Understanding Business. To achieve fluent Chinese, it is necessary for translators to remove grammatical markers and function words when translating English to Chinese, meanwhile, it is better to convert result-oriented expressions into process-oriented expressions when translating illustrations from English into Chinese.

Keyword: Understanding Business; boundary awareness theory; textbook illustrations; translation strategies

Rizwan Ali Soomro 1 and Sharafat Ali Darban 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6306

ABSTRACT: Silty soils are fine-grained materials that typically exhibit low strength, low hydraulic conductivity, and high compressibility, which contributes to their minimal bearing capacity. As a result, foundation failures can occur due to the insufficient strength and stiffness of silty soils. Buildings constructed on these types of soil may experience excessive settlement, which can significantly reduce their design lifespan. This excessive settlement can lead to cracks in walls and roof slabs, as well as the misalignment of doors and windows. In severe cases, it may even result in the collapse of the structure. To address these issues, this study proposes a method to enhance the bearing capacity of the existing ground by blending the silty soil with granular material at replacement rates of 20%, 30%, and 40%. Three different footing sizes were tested: (1.83 × 1.83 m²), (1.22 × 1.22 m²), and (1.22 × 1.83 m²). A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to calculate the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations on the original soil, and the performance of the footings on improved ground was compared. To model soil behavior, a linear elastic perfectly plastic model utilizing the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was employed. The results indicated that as the size of the footing increases, the yield point also rises. The percentage improvement in ultimate bearing capacity for footings with dimensions of (1.22 × 1.22 m²), (1.83 × 1.83 m²), and (1.22 × 1.83 m²) founded on 40% blended silty clay and granular material was found to be 91%, 89%, and 83%, respectively. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of soil improvement techniques in enhancing the structural integrity of foundations situated on silty soils.

Keyword: Bearing Capacity, Foundation Failure, Soil Improvement, Finite Element Analysis

Samuel Mwesige 1, *, Lydia Mutesi 2, David Areu 3, Sandra Nabwire 1 , Sandra Ayau 3, Christine Baguma 4,Juventine Obonyo 5 and Florence Tushabe 6

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6307

ABSTRACT: Background: Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Uganda. In Soroti district, there were unanswered healthcare system questions about Pulmonary Tuberculosis testing. Therefore, we conducted a crosssectional study across six health facilities to achieve the following objectives; Describe demographic and clinical characteristics of presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients attending the health care facilities, Describe sputum texture trends across the health care facilities, and Evaluate diagnostic performance characteristics of Ziehl Neelsen smear microscopy using Gene X-pert as the gold standard. Methods: From April to June 2023, we employed purposive and simple random techniques to recruit 150 participants aged ≥12 years across the healthcare facilities. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect respondents' demographic and clinical data. A standard operating procedure for sample collection was employed to collect sputum specimens, subsequently tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene X-pert and Ziehl Neelsen smear microscopy. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The study reported more female participants (73.3%) than males (26.6%). The predominant age group was 12-21 years. Patients presented with fever, noticeable weight loss, night sweats, and cough in the hierarchical order. Most patients produced muco-salivary sputum specimens, but the purulent sputum samples tested positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Ziehl Neelsen smear microscopy showed an average performance in detecting Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Conclusion: Female health-seeking behavior, teens’ locality and purulent sputum texture are more likely to influence Pulmonary Tuberculosis testing services in the health care system in Soroti district. Community sensitization and quality testing are important Pulmonary Tuberculosis control strategies.

Keyword: Sputum texture, Ziehl Neelsen smear microscopy, Clinical presentation, Demography, Health care facilities

Jean Michel Mutombo Tshibamba 1 , Andre Kayombo Mbumba 1 , Michel Nkongolo Mulambuila 1 , Charles Badinenganyi Kabongo 1 , Jean Pierre Tshilumba Kabeya 1 ; Simon Tshibaka Kamunga 1 , Vincent Mpiana Tshimanga 3, et John Tshibamba Mukendi 1&2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6308

ABSTRACT: Production of market garden crops play a major role in human nutrition by providing vitamins, amino acids, trace elements such as iron, zinc, etc. on the one hand and on the other hand they contribute significantly to the income of families in sub-saharan Africa. However, the great difficulty encountered by households in the tropical region in general and in particular in Mbujimayi, is the conservation of market garden crops for a long period of time and the losses recorded are around 40 – 50%, or even more. This is how a conservation test based on kitchen ash and that from oil palm inflorescences was carried out in the town of Mbujimayi in boxes of 1350 cm2 (45 cm long x 30 cm wide) during the period from August 10 to September 6, 2021, i.e. one (1) month and 4 days of storage. The treatments consisted of T0 (the control treatment), T1 (the cooking ash) and T2 (the ash of the oil palm inflorescences). Thus, for treatments T1 and T2, each room had received 4 glasses (one glass weighs approximately 70g) of kitchen ash and that of oil palm inflorescences. After experimentation, it appears that the kitchen ash preserved better (for at least 20 days under ambient conditions) the pepper, tomato and cucumber (Tables 1, 2 and 3) compared to the ash of the inflorescences of the palm and the witness.

Keyword: Conservation, perishable products, kitchen ashes and oil palm inflorescences, Mbujimayi, RD. Congo

Sani,I. A 1, Abdullahi 2, A. S., Musa 2, S. M. and Amin 2, S. A.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6309

ABSTRACT: Efficient irrigation practices are crucial for enhancing crop yield while simultaneously conserving vital water resources, particularly in regions facing water scarcity. Traditional irrigation methods often lead to uneven water distribution and excessive water loss, impacting both the quantity and quality of crops. To address these challenges, recent advancements in technology and algorithmic approaches have paved the way for more precise irrigation systems. This study aims to develop a stochastic learning algorithm specifically designed to optimize the configuration of bicycle valves in drip irrigation systems, which are known for their efficiency in delivering water directly to plant roots. The implementation of a stochastic gradient descent algorithm allows for dynamic adjustments to valve parameters. These adjustments are made based on real-time feedback collected from flow sensors installed throughout the irrigation network. Such a responsive system enhances the capability of irrigation practices to adapt to varying conditions, including changes in soil moisture levels and crop requirements. The effectiveness of this innovative approach was evidenced by significant results, a 15% improvement in flow uniformity was observed. This improved uniformity ensures that every plant receives the appropriate amount of water, promoting healthier growth and maximizing yields. Additionally, the study recorded a 10% reduction in water consumption compared to traditional irrigation methods, highlighting the potential for significant water savings. These advancements are not only beneficial for farmers but also contribute to more sustainable water management practices in agriculture. Ultimately, this research represents a step forward in the agricultural practices, stressing the importance of dynamic systems in optimizing resource use. By employing stochastic learning in irrigation systems, farmers can increase crop productivity while fostering sustainable practices that safeguard water resources for future generations. With ongoing developments in this field, the potential for further improvements in irrigation efficiency remains promising.

Keyword: stochastic learning; drip irrigation; bicycle valve; optimization; water management

GLORIA N. RAMOS & GIAN CARLO N. RAMOS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6310

ABSTRACT: Workplace bullying is defined as persistent mistreatment that occurs in the workplace. It can include behaviors such as verbal criticism, personal attacks, humiliation, belittling, and exclusion. It's important to note that anyone can be a bully or be bullied regardless of the role a person holds in the workplace. According to a survey by the Workplace Bullying Institute, 30% of workers have directly experienced bullying while at work. People who work remotely were more likely to report such bullying, with 43.2% responding that they had been bullied on the job. Descriptive method of research was utilized in the study. The respondents of the study were seventy-six nurses of Laguna Medical Center. Specifically, the following are the findings: Indicators of bullying in the workplace among nurses in terms of manifestations obtained a composite mean of 4.31 and verbally interpreted as frequently. Indicators of bullying in the workplace among nurses in terms of causes obtained a composite mean of 4.36 and verbally interpreted as frequently. Indicators of bullying in the workplace among nurses in terms of causes obtained a composite mean of 4.36 and verbally interpreted as frequently. Consequences of bullying in the workplace among nurses in terms of personal effects obtained a composite mean of 4.49 and verbally interpreted as frequently. Consequences of bullying in the workplace among nurses in terms of health care organization effects obtained a composite mean of 4.58 and verbally interpreted as frequently. The strategic management with bullying in the workplace among nurses obtained a composite mean of 4.42 and verbally interpreted as frequently. There is significant relationship between the nurses’ indicators of lateral violence consequences and management strategies in the operating room.

Keyword: Bullying; Effects of Bullying; Indicators; Protection

ELIME BOUBOAMA Aime 1, DONGMO Hile Bertrand 2, FOTSO TUEDJO Reine Ingrid 3, NKENG George Elambo 4, MVONDO FANGA Aubin Loic 5.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6311

ABSTRACT: The rapid urbanization of Yaounde intensifies rural exodus, resulting in an increasing housing deficit. This situation poses major challenges in urban planning, requiring innovative solutions to meet the growing needs of the population. In this context, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) could be a promising approach to optimize land management by integrating spatial data. The purpose of this study was to develop a multicriteria analysis based on a suitability model to identify all areas suitable for affordable housing projects. To achieve this, the methodology adopted involves three main steps: identifying criteria, transforming these criteria into a common suitability scale, and creating the suitability model by weighting the transformed criteria. As a result, a synthesis map was created using seven criteria: residential areas, slopes, altitudes, humidity index, market prices, and accessibility to major roads and the power grid. These criteria could be more precise if the Yaounde City Council made updated urban infrastructures data publicly available. Additionally, for better social inclusion, it would be wise for the State and its relevant institutions to consider the actual income of the average Cameroonian citizen to make housing offers more accessible.

Keyword: Urban planning, affordable housing, criteria, Geographic Information Systems, suitability model.

Dr Sugandha Raghuvanshi & Dr Ashok Sharma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6312

ABSTRACT: Insulin resistance (IR) has emerged as a critical global health issue with significant implications for public health. This metabolic condition is characterized by reduced cellular responsiveness to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia and disruptions in lipid and protein metabolism. IR is closely linked to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, which collectively pose immense health and economic burdens worldwide. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted nature of IR, encompassing molecular mechanisms, genetic predispositions, and modifiable lifestyle factors. The dysfunctions in insulin signaling pathways, including defects in proximal and distal signaling and interorgan metabolic crosstalk, are discussed in detail, along with the contributions of genetic mutations and epigenetic dysregulation. These insights are augmented by an examination of demographic disparities, with a focus on sex- and ethnicity-specific variations, as well as regional prevalence patterns influenced by urbanization and dietary trends. The review highlights the importance of lifestyle interventions, including dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and stress management, as first-line strategies to improve insulin sensitivity. Pharmacological approaches, such as the use of metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, and newer therapeutic agents targeting specific molecular pathways, are also analyzed. Additionally, emerging therapies, including the potential role of epigenetic modifications and genetic engineering, are presented as promising avenues for addressing IR and its associated complications.

Keyword: Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, epigenetic regulation, insulin signaling pathways, public health, lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatments.

Archangel Taimu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6313

ABSTRACT: The relationship between ethics and religion creates a multifaceted and evolving environment that influences both personal and societal moral frameworks in today's world. This paper argues that religion plays a dominant role in shaping ethics. The examination explores whether ethics can exist independently of religion or if religion can be practiced without ethical principles. This analysis demonstrates the beneficial outcomes that can result from a deeper comprehension of the connection between ethics and religion. Ultimately, this paper contends that in today's world, religion serves as the foundation of ethics in all societies.

Keyword: Ethics, Religion, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism.

Jeddy K. Mzungu 1, Mary S. Mutisya 2, and James Sankale 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6314

ABSTRACT: Social work marked a significant evolution in healthcare, emphasizing holistic care by integrating social, psychological, and biological aspects. This study examined the contributions of social work interventions to patients’ healthcare outcomes in Tanzanian zonal hospitals. Objectives included assessing the relevance and impacts of social work interventions in healthcare. The study was guided by the biopsychosocial model, employing a mixedmethod approach with a convergent design. A sample of 106 participants (67 doctors, 16 social workers, 5 administrators, and 18 patients) was selected through stratified, simple random, purposive, and convenience sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results were presented using tables, narratives, themes, and quotations. Necessary permits and informed consent were obtained before data collection. The study revealed that an overwhelming majority of medical doctors (92.2%) acknowledge the importance of integrating social work into healthcare and great majority (87.78%) agree that these interventions significantly improve patient healthcare outcomes. Additionally, key informants (Social workers and Hospital Administrators) confirmed these responses and opined that social work interventions contribute significantly on patients’ overall healthcare outcomes. The study concluded that the role of social workers remains vital to holistic healthcare delivery hence recommend continue improvement in social work practices to enhance their contribution to the healthcare outcomes.

Keyword: Social Work, Medical Social Work, Holistic healthcare, Biopsychosocial Model

Dr Mohamad Husain Malpara, Dr S.S. Gupta, Dr. Veena Gupta, Dr Mayank Butola

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6315

ABSTRACT: Background and Aims: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affect a significant proportion of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Microalbuminuria, an early marker of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has limited sensitivity and specificity, particularly in normoalbuminuric patients, where 38-73% with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lack microalbuminuria. Urinary haptoglobin (uHp) and its ratio with creatinine (uHCR) are emerging biomarkers for early detection of renal dysfunction. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of uHCR in detecting and predicting renal function decline in T2DM. Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted at F.H. Medical College, Agra, India, with Ethical Committee approval and informed consent. T2DM patients meeting inclusion criteria were included. Patients were prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents and RAAS inhibitors as required. Measurements included serum creatinine, urinary albumin, urinary creatinine, and urinary haptoglobin. Statistical analysis compared uHCR with traditional biomarkers. Results: uHCR demonstrated improved specificity over spot uHp and was comparable to uACR in predicting nephropathy in patients with both deranged and preserved renal function. uHCR persisted longer than uACR posttreatment, indicating its role in detecting residual renal dysfunction. Elevated uHCR in normoalbuminuric T2DM patients suggested its potential to predict nephropathy earlier than microalbuminuria. Conclusion: Urinary haptoglobin and uHCR are promising tools for early detection and monitoring of DN. Preliminary findings suggest that uHCR could augment or replace uACR in predicting DN. Larger studies are needed to validate their predictive thresholds, refine accuracy, and assess confounding factors.

Keyword: Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Kidney Disease, Haptoglobin, Urinary Biomarkers, Renal Dysfunction

Syed Ali Hadi Rizvi, Prof. Anjum M Chughtai, Dr.Piyush Tageja, Sadaf Iqbal, Dr Mohamadhusain Malpara

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6316

ABSTRACT: Background and Aims: Acute pyogenic meningitis (APM) is a severe central nervous system infection with significant morbidity and mortality. While conjugate vaccines have reduced its incidence in children, the burden remains high in adults, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of APM in patients from a tertiary care hospital in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with APM at J.N. Medical College, Aligarh, from October 2017 to October 2019. Inclusion criteria included informed consent, patients aged above 14 years, and those presenting with clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings suggestive of APM. CSF was analyzed microbiologically, biochemically, and cytologically. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2017 guidelines. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v20, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 50 patients, 62% were male, and 67% were aged 20–60 years. The most common pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (70% of culture-positive cases), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (10.8%). All grampositive organisms were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, while gram-negative isolates showed 100% sensitivity to carbapenems. Gram staining had a sensitivity of 70%, and culture positivity was 74%. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics like cotrimoxazole and gentamicin was noted. Conclusion: APM remains a critical public health challenge in developing regions. Early culture sensitivity testing and empirical treatment based on local susceptibility patterns are vital. Vaccination and continued surveillance are necessary to reduce the disease burden and address antimicrobial resistance.

Keyword: Acute pyogenic meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Antibiotic resistance, Gram staining, Carbapenems

Chung. NghiemTien 1, Ngan. ToThi 1, Nga. TrinhThi 1, Hoan. LuongThi 1, Vu. TrinhMinh 1, Bach.PhamNgoc 2, Dan. NguyenVan 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6317

ABSTRACT: Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk, originating from China, was studied for acclimatization by the National Institute of Medicinal Materials from 2018 to 2020. Its productivity and quality were evaluated, showing a total content of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisamminoside at 0.65%. Based on the research and selection conducted at the Tam Dao Medicinal Plant Research Station, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, using the mass selection method and quality evaluation of Saposhnikovia divaricata by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection (HPLC-UV), a variety with the following characteristics was selected: Herbaceous perennial plant, height 50–70 cm, with 2–3 pinnately compound leaves, serrated leaf edges, and dark green color. Inflorescences consist of many compound umbels, each having 5–7 smaller umbels, and each small umbel containing 4–9 white flowers. Schizocarps, brown when mature, oval-shaped, with a thousand-seed weight of approximately 5.83 g. The medicinal part is the taproot, cylindrical in shape, averaging 23.8 cm in length, with a yellow-brown color. This variety was evaluated for resistance to soft rot disease, with a severity level of 5 points (CIP scale), average yield 966.7 kg/ha. The total content of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-Omethylvisamminoside reached 1.0%.

Keyword: The selected Saposhnikovia divaricata variety: morphological characteristics, agro-biological traits, and quality.

Azubuike G. Nwosu, Raphael Ehigiator-Irughe, Jacob Ehiorobo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6318

ABSTRACT: For spaceborne and airborne linear array imagery, there are computational protocols for ortho-image generation, with different variations for visualisation projects (input-driven computation) and conventional mapping (output driven computation), and the latter may include the use of anchor-points in the image to ease the computational load. Similarly, there are algorithms for real-time model panning, with options that mitigate limitations imposed by computational circumstances, and this would include the use of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs). A good geometric camera model is needed to support production lines that utilise linear array imagery and the derivations are presented in detail, followed by the algorithms for ortho-imaging and real time model panning.

Keyword: Linear array; RTP; Ortho-imaging; SPOT; ASAS.

OKEWOLE David Dayo, O. O. Simon-Oke. and O. P. Ologunwa

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6319

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of public debt and exchange rate on the performance of firms in Nigeria. Proper understanding on how to investigate the importance of public debt in Nigeria and the degree of responsiveness of exchange rate to public debt in Nigeria. The study adopted a corelational research design. The population of the study were Central Bank of Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Finance, among others that are listed on the floor of Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study adopted purposive sampling technique. This study covers the period interval from 2004-2022. The relationship between variables was determined using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and Panel Data Analysis that involved the use of both the fixed and random effects analysis. Therefore, the study recommends that debt management should be linked to a clear macroeconomic framework which ensures that Nigeria Government will seek to ensure that public debt level and growth rate are sustainable.

Keyword: Public debt, Exchange rate, Performance, Firms, Macroeconomic, Government.

Aicha Mohamadou

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6320

ABSTRACT: The classroom, a codified space which highlights the relationship between spatial arrangements and pedagogical practices, is a geographical object which is not studied enough. Educational policy impacts these mobilized spatial devices, including postures, indoor movements, the circulation of knowledge and the development of skills. Indeed, this article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the classroom arranged in rows of bus seats which allows the polarization of learners' attention towards the blackboard and the teacher's desk. The authority and dynamic of frontal speaking are thus established. But, with active pedagogy which puts the learner at the center of their learning and transformative pedagogy which aims for the laudable transformation of the learner's daily life, it is clear that the way of teaching, evaluating and learning, has evolved. Consequently, arranging the classroom necessarily takes into account these educational changes, the central question of which is: which table-bench arrangement to choose in a classroom based on the teaching method? Should we continue with the traditional row arrangement, appreciated by a large number of teachers and which facilitates classroom management? Or should the table-benches be arranged in the shape of a U or double U and which allows learners to see each other, to debate while looking at each other, to challenge each other, thus making the teacher, the Guide, the mediator? of their debate? Or should tables and benches be arranged in islands to allow learners to work in groups on reflective exchanges and thus encourage the establishment of educational differentiation? To achieve this, an analysis of the speeches of twenty-eight learners from various backgrounds and levels, forty teachers, thirteen academic leaders from faculty establishments and schools of the University of Ngaoundéré, a reading of UNESCO Reports, a documentary analysis on the theme and a quote for the local manufacturing of ergonomic white tables were carried out. We will consider transformational learning theory to understand the evolution of classrooms.

Keyword: Transformative pedagogy, bus classroom, U-shaped classroom, island classroom, University of Ngaoundere.

Arjwan A Alsudani

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6321

ABSTRACT: Dietary supplements include such ingredients as vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, and enzymes. Dietary supplements are marketed in forms such as tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, powders, and liquids. What are the benefits of dietary supplements? Some supplements can help assure that you get enough of the vital substances the body needs to function; others may help reduce the risk of disease. But supplements should not replace complete meals, which are necessary for a healthy diet – so be sure you eat a variety of foods as well. Why not obtain all your vitamins from the foods you eat? Foods we eat often don't always provide all the essential vital substances the body needs to function. For example, a review of studies found that persons who eat enough foods rich in vitamin E, selenium, and beta-carotene had a lower risk of developing lung cancer than persons who ate low amounts of those helpful vitamins. Since the early 1960s, more than studies have shown that eating a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables can prevent and even treat many kinds of diseases and many types of cancer.

Keyword: Supplements, Vitamins, Minerals

T. Adas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6322

ABSTRACT: The concept of gamification has been used and continues to be used in many areas such as education, sustainability studies, marketing, supply chain. In this research, studies involving the concept of gamification in the field of logistics and supply chain were scanned. The scan was conducted on 15.01.2025 in the Web of Science (WOS) database using the combination of the keywords "logistics, supply chain, gamification, game based learning, gamify, serious game". As a result of the scan conducted in the topics (keyword, abstract, title) field from 2008 to the present, 686 articles, papers and book chapters were reached. It was seen that 323 of the 461 articles in total were SCIE indexed and 192 were SSCI indexed. When it was considered as a research category, it could be said that the most research was conducted in the categories of "Computer Science Information Systems, Education Educational Research, Computer Science Interdisciplinary Applications, Operations Research Management Science"; when it was considered as a subcategory, it could be said that the research was conducted in the categories of "Supply chain & logistics, Educational research". It was observed that the number of studies between 2021-2024 was higher than other years and that the most research was conducted in China and the USA. In the research, a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature was conducted within the scope of quantitative data and a visual summary was presented. The accessible publications were examined through author, country, keyword and source analyses.

Keyword: Logistics, Supply Chain Managemet, Gamification, Bibliometric Analysis