International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Ruiliang Wang 1, Jun Wen 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6401

ABSTRACT: Subarachnoid haemorrhage resulting from intracranial aneurysms (IAs) represents the third most prevalent acute cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability rates, following ischaemic stroke and hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage. Cerebral aneurysms pose a significant threat to public health in China, imposing substantial economic burdens on families and society. Current treatment modalities predominantly include surgical clipping and endovascular intervention, with the latter emerging as the primary therapeutic approach. Studies indicate that standalone coil embolisation is associated with a slightly higher postoperative recurrence rate compared to stent-assisted coiling, largely due to incomplete endothelial coverage at the aneurysm neck. To enhance endothelialisation at the aneurysm neck and mitigate risks of rupture and recanalisation, recent research has focused on applying advanced coating materials to bare metal stents, aiming to promote neointimal formation at the diseased arterial segment. This article provides a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of various stent coating materials in facilitating postoperative endothelialisation at the aneurysm neck.

Keyword: Drug-eluting stents, Endothelialisation, Intracranial aneurysm recurrence

1 Neha Kumari, 2 Prof. Rajni Dhingra

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6402

ABSTRACT: The sudden emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 revealed a new aspect of face masks. From a medical supply to an essential preventive measure, face mask has marked their era. Face mask usage patterns and practices are determined by the mask perception of an individual. Various research studies have highlighted the influence of age group, gender, and location on these perceptions. Mask resistance is prevalent among the general public even after the tragic waves of COVID-19. It becomes important to understand the barriers and motivating factors of face mask usage during the pandemic as it provides reliable justification for mask resistance. The present paper is an attempt to highlight various factors that affect the usage of the facemask to deal with the pandemic during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic (so-called ‘New Normal’ era). Even as the pandemic moves into an endemic phase, it is still important to wear masks, particularly in environments where vulnerable populations like the elderly and those with weakened immune systems are present. Face mask, the new skill of living, requires mandatory adoption to work efficiently in the post-pandemic era or new normal. New normal signifies regular adoption of all necessary preventive measures to step forward in the pandemic times. The present research has implications for the adoption of preventive strategies during the new normal phase.

Keyword: COVID-19, face mask usage, barriers, motivating factors, new normal

Kokilamani A. L. 1*, Sreedhar H. K. 1, Sindhura Y.M. 1, Usma Khanum 1, Mythra N. 1, and Shashidhara M. 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6403

ABSTRACT: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a prominent model organism in biological research in recent times. To know the current trend of research topics, scientists, Universities/institutions, funding organizations in the Zebrafish research has become our priority to take up this study. The study included the collection of articles on Zebrafish research published between 2000 to 2024 (July) particularly from Indian Authors through online databases-PubMed, Scispace, Web of Science, further transformed the collected bibliometric data into quantitative data and analysed it by using software tool RStudio-Biblioshiny-Bibliomatrix. From the study it has revealed that a total of 1,807 documents published from 2000 to 2024 in 672 journals, books etc., at 24.81% of annual growth rate with 18.57 average citations per document involving 8,109 authors from various institutions/University across the nation. In India UGC, and DBT are the leading funding agencies for zebra fish research. Our study provides a comprehensive and current trend on Zebra fish research in India and is baseline information to young researchers to conduct their experiments in new trend areas of zebrafish science and further Universities/institutions and funding agencies make informed decisions.

Keyword: Zebrafish, Bibliometric analysis, model organism, Zebrafish research in India

Dr.Grace Chizoma, Onyebuchi-Igbokwe, Dr. Rachel Nkeonyere, Nwakasi, Dr. Chizoba Anderson Egornu, Dr. Jovita Charles Ogu, Dr. Bertha Oluchi Uzowuihe, Dr Peace Chimarauche Amanze, Prof. Edem Peters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6404

ABSTRACT: Nigerian rural women face particular opportunities and problems due to the interaction of gender and agriculture. Through a human rights-based perspective, this study investigates how creative art might be used as a tool to combat gender inequality and empower women. A thorough conceptual model, a variety of methodological tools, and theoretical foundations are all included in the enlarged framework. The study examines how well artistic interventions work to raise awareness, improve skills, and advance gender parity using data gathered from Nigerian rural communities. The results of the statistical analysis, which was carried out using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), show that women's involvement in agricultural decision-making and revenue creation has significantly improved. Rural women's voices are amplified through creative art, which includes visual arts, performance, and storytelling, which depicts their goals, challenges, and lived experiences. This strategy encourages discussion and group action for change in addition to increasing awareness of gender inequality by including the community in participatory art projects. This study looks at how artistic expression can inspire grassroots initiatives that support women's rights and empowerment, challenge gender conventions, and overcome cultural and socioeconomic boundaries. The report also identifies important factors that contribute to empowerment, providing practical advice for putting policies into practice.

Keyword: Intersectionality, Gender, Agriculture, Creative Art, Human Rights-based Approach, Empowerment, Women, Rural Nigeria

Akinwalere. B.O

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6405

ABSTRACT: The study was on the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Practices among Cocoa Farmers in Owo Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study aimed at ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in the study area, assess the level of awareness of integrated pest management practices available to the respondents and evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in information dissemination of Integrated Pest Management practices. Primary data were collected by administering a wellstructured questionnaire consisting of closed and open-ended questions. Multistage sampling was employed in the study for the selection of 100 cocoa farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that majority (84%) of the farmers were male, the mean age of the respondents was 47 years with an average household size of 7 members. The major educational qualification of the respondents was secondary school (47%). Ninety-four percent of the respondents practiced Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and 89% have access to extension services also affirmed that IPM techniques are part of the services rendered by the extension workers, out of which 78% implemented one of more of the techniques recommended by the extension workers in the study area. The most significant impact of extension services was felt in the area of improved collaboration and networking (𝑥̅=2.03.) and increase in the utilization of biological and traditional methods of pests control (𝑥̅=1.96.) The study recommends that government and agricultural agencies should establish comprehensive training programs focusing on simplifying IPM practices and providing hands-on training. Also, provision of affordable credit facilities and subsidies to cocoa farmers to alleviate the high cost of implementing IPM practices.

Keyword: Extension Services, Adoption, Integrated Pest Management, Cocoa farmers

1 HAMAD.M.ADRESS.HASAN, 2 ALIAA.M.M.KHALIFA, 1 HANAN .F.EMRAYED and 1 KAREMA.M.ABDEL-GANY 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6406

ABSTRACT: Eriochrom T Black is one of most indicators used in different applications, especially for chemical analysis it is a dye which mainly causes many problems from environmental media as a water aqueous solution. The adsorbents of activated carbon used in this study were prepared from seagrasses. The kinetic behaviour of the process was investigated. In order to study the adsorption efficiency, many parameters, such as contact time and the adsorbent ratio, were used. Langmuir and Frundlish adsorption isotherm models were tested for the adsorption process. The linear regression coefficient R2 was used to elucidate the best-fitting isotherm models. Adsorption kinetics fitted well with the first-order kinetic model. The obtained results indicated succufilly adsorpition of the studied dye using sea grasses activated carbon.

Keyword: Removal, Eriochrom.T, Sea grasses, Aquouse solution

Dr. Grace Chizoma Onyebuchi-Igbokwe., Prof. Eden Peters, Dr. Chizoba Anderson Egornu, Dr. Felicia Chinyere Okwulehie, Dr. Bertha Oluchi Uzowuihe, Nnamdi Chibuzo Adibe

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6407

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the creation of an eco-friendly and reasonably priced tie-dye system specifically for Nigerian small business owners. The study looks into economical material sourcing, ecologically friendly procedures, and sustainable dying methods. Because of the use of synthetic dyes and high water use, the textile sector is said to be a major contributor to environmental degradation. In order to promote sustainability and lower the health hazards linked with harmful chemicals, it is imperative that eco-friendly alternatives be used. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are used in this study to evaluate the suggested tie-dye techniques' environmental impact and economic viability. The report also highlights how crucial consumer education is to raising demand for eco-friendly textiles. While ANOVA identifies substantial differences in the environmental impact between conventional and eco-friendly processes, SPSS data analysis indicates important cost reductions, reduced environmental footprints, and enhanced market potential for sustainable textile products. The results highlight the necessity of a comprehensive strategy that includes government regulations, educational initiatives, and financial rewards to encourage the use of environmentally friendly dyeing techniques. This strategy also offers insightful information to researchers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers about how to support sustainable textile production and guarantee the financial stability of Nigerian small-scale craftspeople. According to the study's findings, small business owners can successfully adopt sustainable tie-dye techniques, increasing their output and promoting a greener economy, provided they receive the necessary assistance and education.

Keyword: Designing, Affordable, Eco-friendly Tie-Dye System. Small –scale Entrepreneurs, Nigeria.

Azubuike G. Nwosu, Raphael Ehigiator-Irughe, Jacob O. Ehiorobo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6408

ABSTRACT: Multiple variations of the collinearity model have been implemented for spaceborne SPOT and Airborne ASAS imagery. The SPOT model showed better computational stability and achieved sub-pixel misclosures, in some cases at checkpoints. The linear-phi parameter, excluded from some earlier SPOT models, indicated significance and achieved improved performance. A model for airborne ASAS with 15 parameters achieved subpixel accuracy at GCPs only. A model utilising higher order polynomials as additional parameters in the airborne model works well but does not render improved performance. INS measurements at 1Hz showed poor results, proving to be inadequate for the imaging frame rate of 40 frames per second. With increasing GCP coverage, misclosures at GCPs (internal accuracy) approach those at ties points (external accuracy).

Keyword: SPOT, ASAS, Camera Model, Linear Array

ACHIME, Victor Uchenna; ADENAIKE, Folahan Anthony; ADEGBILE, Michael

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6409

ABSTRACT: Studies have revealed that many social and environmental components have constituted obstacles to housing production in the southwest Nigeria resulting in acute housing needs like other urbanizing world. Creating a strong institutional framework to enable quick access and secuity to property rights will help citizens and private investors to participate in housing production. Conflicting claims of property titles exist in most residential lands in peri-urban areas without planned layouts. This investigation which is domiciled in Ikorodu as a microcosm of southwest Nigeria examined the challenges of property ownership title and its implications on housing production. The research methodology used is a mixed approach of information gathering through a questionnaire distributed within some selected cities in the southwest of Nigeria and structured interviews with selected household heads among the sample population. A questionnaire was administered on 150 household heads and 120 were retrieved, which were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics to arrive at conclusions. The qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis. The results show that duality of right claims exists on most properties even when there is property title. While the government issues the property title based on the social contract theory of property rights, the traditional family owners claim ownership rights from the traditional inheritance theory. It was discovered that the Land Use Act of 1978 did not provide enough solutions to this conflict of rights, especially in the suburbs and peri-urban areas. This created social conflict and struggles over properties characterized by the incessant disturbances from traditional family groups known as “Omo-Onile” in Lagos State; The study recommended that more inclusive legislative works that will address the interest of all parties on land were needed to strengthen the land use act and that quick access and security to property titles was necessary for property owners and will encourage private investors in housing production.

Keyword: housing solution; Land Use Act; property; property rights; urbanization.

GODWIN AUGUSTINE BALLAH (PhD) 1 & DORCAS O. FAREO (PhD) 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6410

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the influence of Male Child Syndrome on the psycho-social well-being of women producing only female children in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, the research focuses on married women from selected local government areas within the state's three senatorial zones. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select 300 women from educational centers, recreational areas, and markets. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-tests to examine the research questions and hypotheses. The findings indicate that Male Child Syndrome significantly impacts the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of women. High mean scores across the items reveal that societal pressures to produce male children contribute to emotional distress, feelings of inadequacy, and diminished social status. The ANOVA results for Hypothesis 1 revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of male child syndrome among women producing only female children (F = 3.60, P = 0.03), indicating varied experiences across different groups. For Hypothesis 2, the analysis demonstrated a significant psychological impact of male child syndrome, with an F-value of 4.85 and a P-value of 0.01, affirming that these women experience heightened emotional burdens. Hypothesis 3 further revealed a significant relationship between male child preference and social status, with a P-value of 0.00, showing that societal norms favoring male children heavily influence women's social standing. The study concludes that male child syndrome deeply affects women's well-being, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, mental health support, and awareness campaigns to promote gender equality and challenge cultural stereotypes. Recommendations include governmentled initiatives, mental health services, and legal reforms to protect women’s rights.

Keyword: Male Child Syndrome, psycho-social well-being, gender bias, emotional distress, social status, women’s rights, gender equality, cultural expectations

Dwi Sunu Widyartini 1, Agatha Sih Piranti 2*, Eriska Fathur Rohmah 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6411

ABSTRACT: Dunaliella sp. is a potential microalga to be developed as a natural feed because it has a high protein content. This microalgae growth is influenced by salinity concentration. Salinity can also affect the biochemical composition of microalgae. This study aimed to determine Dunaliella sp. growth and protein content cultured at various salinity concentrations to select an effective salinity to produce growth and high protein content. The research output is to find the salinity so Dunaliella sp. can grow well with high protein as feed. The research method was experimental, with a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and three repetitions. The treatments tested were salinity 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppt observed for nine days of culture. The main parameters measured were cell density, biomass, and protein content. Supporting parameters were temperature, pH, and light intensity. The results showed that the effective salinity to increase the cell density of Dunaliella sp. was 15 ppt. The highest peak cell density at 15 ppt salinity is 32.6067 x 103 cells/ml, and the lowest cell density at 25 ppt salinity is 23.2267 x 103 cells/ml. The effective salinity for increasing biomass is 15 ppt, and protein content is 0 ppt.

Keyword: Dunaliella sp., natural feed, protein, salinity

Tara Chandra 1*, Ravi Sanwal 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6412

ABSTRACT: Horticulture contributes significantly to agricultural production and rural economic growth in hilly areas, where traditional crop production potential is low. But, because of the geographic complexities, there are many challenges in the way of the industry's commercialization and production in areas, such as Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. The objective of this study is to assess the intensity of the six most significant constraints perceived by horticulture producers, which considerably impact horticultural production in the Kumaon region. The study identifies six major constraints that are listed as wildlife interference, lack of horticulture storage infrastructure, high transportation cost, unavailability of regional horticulture-based enterprises, unavailability of structured procurement mechanisms, and small size of agricultural landholding. Based on the producers' assessments, their collective impact is measured against the dependent variable, ‘the level of horticulture productivity’. The five-point Likert scale has been employed in this study as a primary method of collecting data from horticulturists to structure and quantify these challenges. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis is employed to assess the relative impact of each constraint on horticulture productivity. This study will provide clear insights into the constraints that need to be addressed through various steps and measures by different stakeholders. The research thus contributes to the wider debate on the development of sustainable horticulture in mountain areas, identifying the key issues. It even suggests practical policy measures for effective productivity, improved market access, and long-term profitability of horticulture in Kumaon.

Keyword: Horticultural constraints, Horticultural productivity, Kumaon, Multiple regression analysis, Wildlife interference.

Dean Culpepper, Ph. D 1., & Sarah Mitchell, Ph. D 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6413

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the persistence and determinants of the home court advantage in NCAA Division II basketball, with a specific focus on the Lone Star Conference across three seasons, including one affected by Covid-19 disruptions. While previous research has attributed home court advantage to factors such as travel distance, crowd dynamics, and season length, this study aims to reassess these variables in the context of pandemicaltered conditions. Using a combination of win-loss records, advanced game statistics, and the Pythagorean Expectation model, we analyzed data from 17 men’s and 17 women’s basketball teams over the 2018–19, 2019–20, and 2020–21 seasons. Despite the significant disruptions to crowd attendance, travel patterns, and schedule length due to Covid-19 protocols, the home court advantage remained statistically significant. Logistic regression revealed that home location was the only variable with a consistent positive effect on win probability, while ANOVA testing showed no significant influence from travel distance, crowd size, or season length. The findings indicate that playing at home continues to confer a meaningful advantage regardless of external disruptions. This resilience suggests that psychological familiarity, comfort with the playing environment, and routine consistency may play larger roles in home court performance than previously understood. These insights not only validate the continued importance of game location in strategic planning but also call for deeper investigation into the psychological and contextual elements of home court advantage in Division II athletics. By incorporating both traditional metrics and advanced analytics, this study offers a comprehensive assessment that contributes to sport management, performance strategy, and future research on collegiate basketball.

Keyword: Sports, Home Court, Division II

Dr. SABAS KIMANI

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6414

ABSTRACT: African identity, independence, and holistic development were highlighted in Nkrumah's Consciousness as essential components of Africa's development. Investigating the applicability and relevance of these concepts in modern African contexts through logical analysis is an excellent idea. This essay examines the benefits and drawbacks of consciousness while taking into account how it might be used to alleviate Africa's problems with poverty, inequality, and governance. It aimed to illuminate the transformative potential of consciousness in directing African countries toward inclusive and sustainable development by exploring its fundamental concepts. It promoted the reclaiming of African identity as a source of empowerment and self-assurance while acknowledging its historical and cultural relevance. Nkrumah's appeal for self-reliance is also critically examined in the article, acknowledging the limitations of resources and complexities of balancing centralized governance with democratic principles.

Keyword: Africa, Consciencism, Kwame Nkrumah, Logical, Progress

Shireen Ebedelfatah Mohammed Aloob 1*, Faiza Ahmed Saeed Mousa 2*, Fatima Osman Ali 3*, Murtada Mustafa Tia 4* Eman Omer Albasha Jad alkareem 5*, Eilaf Badway Adam Edrees 6*, Rofida Hassan Awadalkarim Emam 7*, Rayyan Mohammed Nouraldeen Edrees 8*, Naeema Awadalla Abdalla Alhassan 9*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6415

ABSTRACT: Background: Teachers as supervisors play a vital role in managing childhood infection at schools. They are the primary people who can inform the children about infection prevention. Objective: To Evaluate primary school teachers’ knowledge regarding infection prevention in shendi town schools. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional community-based study. This study took place between December 2024 and February 2025 at five government primary schools in Shendi town. A total of fifty teachers selected for enrollment using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Researchers collected data using structured questionnaires and analyzed it with SPSS version 22. Results: The study revealed that most of study group had good knowledge regarding benefits of infection prevention, component of Infection prevention, correct method of hand washing, role of teachers in promoting personal hygiene among students and positive attitude regarding encouragement of students to wash their hands regularly (40%,) (48%) (66%) (74%) (88%) respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that study group had good knowledge about: Important and correct method of hand washing, important of vaccination, and component of infection prevention Recommendation: The study suggests that the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education should collaborate to organize health awareness campaigns for teachers and conduct workshops on infection prevention.

Keyword: Infection, Knowledge, Prevention, Primary school teachers.

Mushahid Raza 1, Chen De 1*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6416

ABSTRACT: Soft clay soils, susceptible to deformation under load and known for their low bearing capacity, high compressibility, and weak shear strength, demand costly stabilization solutions. This study investigates marble stone dust (MSD)—a widely available industrial by-product as a sustainable, low-carbon alternative to conventional stabilizers (e.g., lime or cement), with a focus on shear resistance, stiffness, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and compaction characteristics. Through systematic laboratory investigation, varying percentages of MSD (5%, 10%, 15%) were evaluated for their stabilizing effects on soft clay. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in key engineering parameters: shear strength increased by up to 51.6%, unconfined compressive strength rose 15.99%, and California Bearing Ratio improved by 22.5%, while optimum moisture content (OMC) decreased proportionally with MSD addition. Maximum dry density (MDD) showed consistent enhancement across all mixtures. These results position MSD not merely as a waste-derived stopgap but as a high-performance stabilizer that aligns with circular economy principles. By transforming problematic clay into construction-ready material, this approach offers a triple win: geotechnical resilience, environmental sustainability, and economic viability for infrastructure projects."

Keyword: Clay soil, Marble stone dust, Soil stabilization, Sustainable materials, Un-confined compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio, Shear strength

Mahmudul Hasan Evan, Fathema Tuz Zohura Mim, Md. Sadman Tahmid, Raihan Habib, Mohammad Rashidul Haque, Mohammad Shohel Rana Siddiki

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6417

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to assess the herd performance of dairy cows as well as to analyze the production and reproduction performance of Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF) for the period of July 2021 to June 2022. To achieve these objectives, productive and reproductive performances (daily milk yield, lactation length, lactation yield, age at first heat, age at first calving, and calving interval) of 100 dairy cows within the five genetic groups (Holstein Friesian cross (HFC), Sindhi- Sahiwal cross (SSC), Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), Jersey cross and buffalo) were evaluated. The feeding and management system in this farm was almost uniform as possible throughout the year. The disease management strategies were mainly based on disease prevention measures vaccination and deworming. Although milk can help meet nutritional needs, the present availability in Bangladesh is just 126ml per person per day, which falls short of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended consumption of 250ml per person per day.The highest average milk production (kg/day) was observed in Holstein cross (4.28±1.03) and lowest in Red Chittagong cows (2.54±0.13). Lactation length was highest in the Holstein cross (193.9±28.2 days) and lowest in Red Chittagong Cattle (104.8±46.3 days). The highest lactation yield was observed in Holstein Friesian cross cows (890±273.0 days), whereas the lowest was in Red Chittagong Cattle (267.7±125.7 kg). The average age at first heat for crossbreed cows was 1399.1 ± 486.1 days, and the first calving was 177.4 ± 474.3 days. Additionally, the average interval between the 1stand 2ndcalving of crossbreeds at the BAUDF was 566.7 ± 245.5 days. Similarly, the average interval between the 2ndand 3rdcalving of crossbreeds was 507.9 ± 221.7 days. Daily herd yield in the last 4 years increasing trend from November to April of the year especially 2020-21 & 2021-22. Age at first heat (days) of the heifer is about 3.85 years Interval between 2nd and 3rd calving 135 days more than standard. Statistical analysis showed that it was significant (P<0.01). From the result of this study, it is concluded that average milk is low in all types of exotic genotypes. Lactation length and lactation yield are highest in HFC cows, buffalo is better than SSC, and RCC. It interpreted that the Holstein cross was the best performer than other cross-bred cows in dairy potentialities.

Keyword: Indigenous, Crossbred, Productive, Reproductive, Dairy cows