International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Paul Mulemangabo Katagondwa1 , Musungayi Tshitebwa Jean-Mari1 , Musungayi Muyayabo Bibishe1 , Masirika Fazili Christiane2 , Cibalonza Mate Aline1 and Musungayi Mpongolo Eric

1Mulungu station, National Institute for Agricultural Study and Research, BP 2037, Kinshasa, Bukavu, DR. Congo; 2 Catholic University of Bukavu

ABSTRACT:In the mountainous area at East of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cooking woods is an acute problem. Cassava fresh stems of about 120 to 150 cm long are utilized to sustain climber’s production, an important staple food proteins provider. It was desired to assess the effect of using climbing beans as an intercrop with cassava on the yield of the two crops. Four treatments involving two varieties of climbing beans and one variety of cassava were tried: i) cassava’s stems support climbers growth one growing season, ii) two growing seasons in a row, iii) three consecutive growing seasons and iv) the control treatment or cassava sole crop non-staking climbers. Eighteen month later results were: Climbers yield appreciably in mixed crop cassava-climbers with cassava- stakes for climbers. Climbers’ Yields decrease during the second and third season. High yields of climbers on cassavastakes generate stresses on cassava growing plants. Theses reduced cassava’s yield in terms of fresh tubers weight reduction of about 6.6 to 19.7% for climbers’ varieties Namulenga and 8.2 to 18.5% for climbers’ variety G59/1-7 from the first to the third season. Climbers also lose their yields over consecutive staking seasons on cassava-stakes. These losses ranked from 3.02 to 11.35%, and 11.57 to 35.51%, for climbers variety Namulenga and variety G59/1-7, respectively when staked two and three consecutive seasons. Yield losses are observed on both cassava variety and climbers beans varieties. So, stresses are reciprocal on cassava and climbers beans cultivars in their intercropping.

Keyword: Cassava stake, climber beans, staking season, stress, yield loss

Pajo, N.D,* Garjila Y.A., Nujore K.A & Usman A

Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B 1027, Benue State Nigeria and Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, P.M.B 2010 Jalingo, Taraba State Nigeria

ABSTRACT:This paper examined the relationship between socio economic characteristic and constraints of cowpea production in Gassol Taraba State Nigeria. Ex-post factor designed was employed for the study. Two research questions were asked and hypotheses were formulated. A sample of 148 farmers from 12 wards participated in the study using multi-stage random sampling techniques. The instruments of data collection were socio economic characteristics questionnaire (SEQ) and farmers achievements test,(FAT). The reliability of the SEQ was computed using cronbach Alpha ( ) while farmers achievement test FAT was computed using kuder- Richardson 20 (K-R20). The reliability coefficient of SEQ and FAT were 0.76 and 0.84 respectively. The research questions were answered using Pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient while research hypothesis were tested using t- test transformation statistics. Result obtained showed that there is a significance relationship between socio economic characteristics and farmers cowpea production. It is recommended that farmers should make concerted effort to develop new Cowpea Varieties’, innovation and Make credit facilities available for greater output.

Keyword: Cowpea, Production, socio economy, correlation,

(1)KRA Essi Kouadio Francis, (2)Lebi, (1) ADAMA Ouattara

Laboratoire de mécanique et sciences des matériaux, INP-HB, BP 1093 Yamoussoukro Laboratoire de chimie Physique, Université Felix Houphouët Boigny d’Abidjan

ABSTRACT:Anaerobic digestion is a natural process by which organic matter is transformed into a biogas that contains about 2/3 methane and 1/3 carbon dioxide. It results from the activity of a complex anaerobic microbial ecosystem. Biogas is a source of energy that can be used directly to replace natural gas, to produce heat and electricity by cogeneration or as fuel for motors. Thus, the domestication by man of this natural process makes it possible to treat wastewater and waste while recovering a source of renewable energy. The recovery of this biogas, which can be emitted during the natural degradation of organic matter, also contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions to which methane contributes significantly. After a presentation of household waste, general principles of anaerobic digestion and the main operating parameters, this study has characterized some components of the DMA (household waste and assimilated) that are leftover food, peeled cassava pressing juices, Cassava peels and allowed to know their ability to be methanized.

Keyword:cassava, household waste, anaerobic digestion, biogas, digester, methanation, Manihot utilissima, methanation, dimensioning, characterization,

Titi Christianah Falana, (Ph.D)

Department of Philosophy Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT:It is a truism that no man can live successfully in isolation of fellow men. This notable truth depicts the fact that man is a social being who can only survive within the ambience of the society. The smallest unit of the society however is the family which is the relationship between a man and a woman. The society will function well where both sexes plays its roles adequately. In order for the women to adequately discharged their obligation in a given society and contribute their own quota is the consciousness behind the movement called feminism. The focus of this paper is to examine the nature of feminism and its functions in society. Attempt is made to highlight the intricate relationship between society and feminism. Feminism and society are multi-dimensional concepts and this account for the existence of several definitions of these concepts. This notwithstanding, some definitions relevant to the subject-matter of this paper will be provided. The paper is divided into different parts. The introduction constitutes the first part. Conceptual clarification of feminism will be provided in the second part. The third part considers the nature of society. The role of feminism in society or societal development is discussed in the fourth part. The summary or conclusion is presented in the final part.

Keyword: Society, Feminism, Development, Gender, Rights.

Sylvester Alosum Anaba, John A. Awaab

Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Department of Statistics P. O. Box 767, Ghana, West Africa, University of Development Studies, Department of Statistics P. O. Box 1350, Ghana, West Africa,

ABSTRACT:This study was conducted with the aim of determining whether Procurement students in Bolgatanga Polytechnic have acquired a strong understanding of the mathematical/statistical concepts and their applications as required in Quantitative methods, a first-year course, using their end of semester examination scores. Time series analysis was applied on a historic data of students’ examinations’ score for eight consecutive years, from 2010/2011 academic year to 2017/2018 academic year. The study revealed, from the preliminary analysis, that marks obtained by students in quantitative methods are skewed to the right, indicating that most students scored below the average mark of approximately 61.5%. This together with the high variability amongst the scores obtained indicate that students’ performance in quantitative methods for the eight-year period was weak. The plots from the trends also showed vigorous fluctuations in the marks suggesting that students do not have firmer grips on the mathematical/statistical concepts and their applications, hence, the unstable nature in their scores over the period. The study further revealed, from the five years forecast into the future, that there would be very little increase in students’ scores in the subject unless lectures handling this course and the students they teach modify their methods of lesson delivery and learning habits.

Keyword:Time Series Analysis, Linear trend model, Quadratic trend model, Autocorrelation Function, Partial Autocorrelation Function, Stationarity, Parameter Estimation, Parsimonious model and Differencing

*Wangboje, Oiseoje Michael,Osaigbovo, Peter Osayamen,Atiwe, Precious,Erhayimwen, Michael,Efenudu, Isaiah

1Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria. 2 Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT:The concentrations of Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Copper(Cu) and Lead (Pb), were determined in Characid, Bagrid and Cichlid fish species from Obotie river, in the Niger Delta zone of Nigeria, by Atomic Absorption Spectrometric technique, in order to assess levels of potential risk to man who may eventually consume such fish. The mean concentrations of metals in fish ranged from 0.15 mg/kg (Cd) in Brycinus nurse to 12.32 mg/kg (Cu) in Tilapia zillii. The relative health factor (RHF), using fish as an integral component, ranged from 0.33 for Cu to 5.06 for Pb while the bioaccumulation quotient (BQ) ranged from 37.5 for Cd in B. nurse to 300.48 for Cu in T. zillii. The metals of ecological concern were Cd, Cr and Pb as their mean concentrations in fish and water surpassed established International thresholds. Such resources must therefore be consumed with caution in order to avert unwholesome health consequences over time.

Keyword:Fish, Relative health factor, Bioaccumulation quotient