International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Claudya G.E. Massie 1, Isri R. Mangangka 2, Teddy Takaendengan 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6501

ABSTRACT: Kotobangon Urban Village, located in East Kotamobagu District, Kotamobagu City, faces significant challenges in waste management. Although a waste collection system is in place, the implementation of the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) remains suboptimal. As a result, the majority of waste is directly disposed of at the landfill, increasing the environmental burden. Therefore, the planning of a 3R-based Waste Processing Facility (Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah 3R, TPS 3R) is considered a critical solution to enhance waste management effectiveness. This study analyzes waste types, handling methods, and the socio-economic factors influencing waste generation. Waste containment follows a communal pattern, where residents collect and transport waste to the nearest temporary disposal site (TPS) using plastic bags. Waste composition is dominated by organic waste (56%) and inorganic waste (44%), with an average waste generation rate of 1.004 kg/person/day or approximately 2.5 liters/person/day. The transportation system also adopts a direct communal model. To reduce the volume of waste ending up in the landfill, increasing community awareness of waste separation and recycling is essential. By implementing a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically sustainable waste management system, this study aims to contribute to improving the overall well-being of the residents in Kotobangon Urban Village.

Keyword: Planning, TPS 3R, waste management, storage, collection, transportation.

Etuse Yawo Assedi, Dr. Sabas Kimani, Rev. Dr. John Muhenda

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6502

ABSTRACT: Well-being as a subject is often looked at from a Western perspective, including definitions and measurements. This, however, ignores the sociocultural characteristics of individuals or groups that may be crucial to the subjective conceptualization of well-being. The concept of well-being relates to understanding how people derive and interpret wellness regarding their interactions with other humans within the family, community and social context. This viewpoint of well-being is presented in this chapter as "holistic" from a cultural approach. The notion of well-being from an African perspective is usually defined within the framework of group norms, values, kinship relationships and ties entrenched in cultural values. The concept of well-being in this sense also runs counter to the idea of well-being in western cultures. The African is a 'group person’, a 'family person' and the 'we person'. These sociocultural features are presumed to affect or influence well-being, mental health and treatment. This chapter expounds on techniques to effectively understand the culture in health from the African perspective. We submit that culturally sensitive measures of well-being will aid deeper exploration of the construct within the African setting and allow for a construct base comparison between Western and African settings

Keyword: Africa, Impediment, re-define)

BIAOU Offin Joab, Dr Hergie Alexis SEGUEDEME, Dr Alidou Ibourahima Razack Boro

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6503

ABSTRACT: Women are often at the forefront of change. They speak out against gender inequality and the practices of marginalization and subjugation of the female sex. Indeed, woman writers predominantly focus the issues of female gender faced in society. Moreover, most of the woman writers in English literature try to struggle with male and they accuse the patriarchal society which interrupts their growth. The feminine voice is used to explore issues related to gender, identity, relationships, power, and societal expectations. Women’s voices, independence and their participation in all aspects of society are more important than ever.

Keyword: Woman, feminism, literature, independence

*1 ELELE, KINGSLEY; 1 NWOGU, FORTUNE CHIENWEATU AND 2 CHUKWU, HARRISONOBODO

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2025.6504

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the presence of helminth and protozoa parasites on office door handles at Ignatius Ajuru University, Port Harcourt, and assessed public health implications from March to May 2024. A total of 136 door handles across six school buildings were sampled using sterile swabs and analyzed for parasitic contamination. The sedimentation method was used for helminths, while the wet mount method was applied for protozoa, followed by microscopic examination. Results revealed that 52 (38.2%) door handles were contaminated. The most prevalent helminths were Ascaris sp. (13.3%), Trichuris sp. (8.8%), and Enterobius sp. (6.6%), while the most common protozoa were Giardia sp. (4.4%) and Entamoeba sp. (2.9%). The total parasite load was 377, with a Parasite Mean Intensity (PMI) of 7.3. Faculty of Education (46.15%) and Faculty of Management Science (46.43%) had the highest contamination rates. Helminths were more prevalent than protozoa, with Ascaris sp. being the dominant species. Risk factor analysis highlighted poor hygiene practices. About 85.2% of respondents never cleaned door handles, and 96.3% never disinfected them. While 68.5% washed hands after toilet use, 13.9% did not, and 17.6% did so inconsistently. Additionally, 46.3% were unsure if visitors washed hands, increasing contamination risks. These findings emphasize the need for regular cleaning and disinfection of high-contact surfaces, alongside promoting proper hand hygiene, to mitigate parasite transmission and protect the university community’s health.

Keyword: Disinfection, contamination, hygiene, transmission.